|
In 2005, the Philippines is the 9th largest sugar producer in the world and 2nd largest sugar producer among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, second to Thailand, according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ESS Statistics ) Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Retrieved on 2013-05-31.〕 At least 17 provinces located in 8 regions of the Philippine archipelago have grown sugarcane crops, of which the two on Negros island account for half of the country’s total production. As of Crop Year 2009-2010, 29 mills are operational divided as follows: 6 mills on Luzon, 13 mills on Negros, 4 mills on Panay, 3 mills in Eastern Visayas and 3 mills on Mindanao.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sugar Industry Historical Statistics )〕 Sugarcane is not a sensitive crop and can be grown in almost all types of soil, from sandy loams to clay loams and from acidic volcanic soils to calcareous sedimentary deposits. The harvest period is from October to December and ends in May. ==History== The history of the sugar industry in the Philippines pre-dates pre-Spanish colonization. It is believed that early Arab traders brought from the Celebes cuttings of sugarcane and planted them in Mindanao. Later sugar were shipped north and planted in the Visayas and Luzon. By the time Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese crossed the Pacific and discovered for Spain the Philippine archipelago in 1521 sugarcane plantations were already extensive in many islands of the country, particularly in the Visayas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sugar Industry History )〕 Even though sugarcane was already grown in Visayan islands it became an industry only after 1850 when Nicholas Loney, a British Vice-Consul, was sent to Iloilo in 1856 and convinced the American house of Russell and Skurgis to open a branch in Iloilo for the purpose of giving crop loans to sugar planters.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sugar Industry History )〕 Through his firm, Loney and Kee Company, Loney’s importation of sugar cuttings from Sumatra and machinery from England and Scotland to Iloilo, which the sugar planters can buy on easy installments, facilitated the fast development of sugar industry in the island.〔http://www.sra.gov.ph/about-us/history/〕 Loney also built sailing crafts called Lorchas, patterned after Brixham Trawlers of Downshire used for deep-sea fishing in the English channel, at Buenavista in Guimaras Island to transport sugar from Negros. Envisioning the prosperity of sugar industry in Visayas in the near future, Loney initiated the development of industry in Negros and offered liberal terms to few Negrense planters similar to those he had given the Ilonggo sugarcane growers.〔 Consequently, some prominent families of sugarcane planters from Iloilo like Ledesma, Lacson, Hilado, Cosculluela, Perez, Alvarez, Sotamayor and Escanilla moved to Negros in 1857 due to its promising development of sugar industry. The raw sugar which the island of Visayas’ main product was exported to the United States, England and Australia. Crystal grain sugar was the product of Manila which was exported primarily to Spain.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sugar industry of the Philippines」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|